@article{Fritsch_Gervers_2007, title={Pastophoria and Altars: Interaction in Ethiopian Liturgy and Church Architecture}, volume={10}, url={https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/235}, DOI={10.15460/aethiopica.10.1.235}, abstractNote={<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" class="AethiopicaSummaryAbs1"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; font-family: "Ludolfus","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FOR THE PHOTOGRAPHS BELONGING TO THE ARTICLE </span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" class="AethiopicaSummaryAbs1"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; font-family: "Ludolfus","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEE SUPPLEMENTARY FILES ></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" class="AethiopicaSummaryAbs1"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; font-family: "Ludolfus","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" class="AethiopicaSummaryAbs1"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; font-family: "Ludolfus","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are three parts to the interior space of ancient Ethiopian churches: a sanctuary (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mäqdäs</em>) which is expanded into the “Holy Place” (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Qǝddǝst</em>) and the place of the assembly (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Qǝne maḥlet</em>). Four rooms stand at the corners of a cross-in-square interior: two service rooms on either side of a narthex-like entrance-room, westwards and, more important for the present discussion, two eastern service rooms which flank the sanctuary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are called the <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pastophoria</em>. After early input from Syria-Palestine, the Ethiopian basilicas took on an Aksumite character. Their development continued in a loose relationship with changes on the Egyptian scene, notably with a double phenomenon: the evolution of the rite and place of preparation of the bread and wine for Mass (the <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">prothesis</em>), and the demand for more altars at a time when churches could not be multiplied in Egypt</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Ludolfus","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 8.5pt;" class="AethiopicaSummaryAbs1"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Ludolfus","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A study of architectural changes in the churches, alongside a comparison of liturgical practices and clues found in iconography and Coptic and Syriac literature, can bear witness to how the liturgy of the Ethiopian Church developed. Such investigation is all the more important because the absence of written documentation until the 13</span><sup><span style="top: 1pt; position: relative; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">th</span></span></sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>century has left the church buildings as almost the only evidence available for study. The present study concentrates on the evolution and eventual disappearance of the <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pastophoria</em>. The nature and location of the altars provides further evidence for dating. It should be noted that Ethiopia does not entirely abide by the Coptic models, essentially because what provoked change in Egypt did not exist in Ethiopia. </span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 8.5pt;" class="AethiopicaSummaryAbs1"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Ludolfus","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Many questions still remain to be answered, including:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When and where did the large monolithic altar of the permanent Coptic altar type first appear? Why are the West-Syriac and Ethiopian Churches today the only ones to celebrate Mass in a synchronized manner? We hope to address these and other questions at a later date.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>}, number={1}, journal={Aethiopica}, author={Fritsch, Emmanuel and Gervers, Michael}, year={2007}, month={Jul.}, pages={7–51} }